WordPress:Wikipedia:Michael Brecker

Michael Brecker (WordPress:March 29, WordPress:1949 – WordPress:January 13, WordPress:2007) was an American WordPress:jazz WordPress:saxophonist and WordPress:composer. Acknowledged as "a quiet, gentle musician widely regarded as the most influential tenor saxophonist since WordPress:John Coltrane,"<ref>http://www.mercurynews.com/music/ci_6010731</ref> he won 15 WordPress:Grammys as both performer and composer and was inducted into Down Beat's Jazz Hall of Fame in 2007.

Michael Brecker (1949年，3月29日，– 2007年，1月13日 )是個(gè)美國(guó) 爵士樂薩克斯管吹奏者和作曲家。他被公認(rèn)為是"一位安靜的，隨和的音樂家，是自從John Coltrane后，最有影響力的男高音薩克斯管吹奏者,"<ref>http://www.mercurynews.com/music/ci_6010731</ref> 他作為演奏家兼作曲家，15次獲得了格萊美獎(jiǎng) 而且在2007年進(jìn)入 Down Beat的' 爵士樂名人堂。

Biography

Born in WordPress:Philadelphia, WordPress:Pennsylvania and raised in Cheltenham Township, a local suburb, Michael Brecker was exposed to WordPress:jazz at an early age by his father, an amateur jazz pianist. He grew up a part of the generation of jazz musicians who saw WordPress:rock music not as the enemy but as a viable musical option; Brecker began studying WordPress:clarinet, then moved to WordPress:alto saxophone in school, eventually settling on the WordPress:tenor saxophone as his primary instrument. He graduated from Cheltenham High School in 1967 and after only a year at Indiana University, Michael Brecker moved to WordPress:New York City in 1970 where he carved out a niche for himself as a dynamic and exciting jazz soloist. He first made his mark at age 21 as a member of the jazz/rock band Dreams—a band that included his older brother Randy, WordPress:trombonist WordPress:Barry Rogers, drummer WordPress:Billy Cobham, Jeff Kent and Doug Lubahn. Dreams was short-lived, lasting only a year, but influential (Miles Davis was seen at some gigs prior to his recording "Jack Johnson").模板:Fact

傳記

他出生于賓夕法尼亞州的費(fèi)城，成長(zhǎng)于切爾滕納姆鎮(zhèn)區(qū)，郊區(qū)，通過父親，一位業(yè)余的爵士樂鋼琴家，Michael Brecker從小就接觸到了爵士樂。他屬于的爵士樂音樂家的一代，沒有將搖滾樂看作敵人，而是看做不同的音樂形式；Brecker開始學(xué)習(xí)的是豎笛，然后在學(xué)校中，轉(zhuǎn)為學(xué)習(xí)次高音薩克斯管，最后決定終身學(xué)習(xí)高音薩克斯管。他于1967年畢業(yè)于切爾騰納姆中學(xué)，在印第安納大學(xué)只學(xué)習(xí)了一年之后，Michael Brecker于1970年來到紐約市，他在這里創(chuàng)業(yè)，稱為了一名優(yōu)秀的爵士樂獨(dú)奏家。他21歲時(shí)，首次嶄露頭角，作為爵士樂/搖滾樂 Dreams的一員，—這個(gè)樂隊(duì)包括他的師兄Randy, 長(zhǎng)號(hào)手 Barry Rogers, 鼓手 Billy Cobham, Jeff Kent 和 Doug Lubahn。 Dreams樂隊(duì)存活時(shí)間不長(zhǎng)，只維持了一年，但是很有影響力(Miles Davis在發(fā)行唱片 "Jack Johnson"之前，參加了這個(gè)樂隊(duì)的一些音樂表演)。模板:Fact

Most of Brecker's early work is marked by an approach informed as much by rock guitar as by R&B saxophone. After Dreams, he worked with WordPress:Horace Silver and then WordPress:Billy Cobham before once again teaming up with his brother Randy to form the Brecker Brothers Band. The band followed jazz-rock trends of the time, but with more attention to structured arrangements, a heavier backbeat, and a stronger rock influence. The band stayed together from 1975–1982 with consistent success and musicality.

Brecker的早期工作，即可以說是搖滾吉他手，也可以說是R&B薩克斯管彈奏。離開Dreams樂隊(duì)之后，Brecker又與 Horace Silver合作，然后有與 Billy Cobham合作，然后有與他的兄弟Randy合作，創(chuàng)建了Brecker兄弟也對(duì)。這個(gè)樂隊(duì)跟隨當(dāng)時(shí)的爵士搖滾樂的潮流，但是樂隊(duì)更加注意structured arrangements，更強(qiáng)的基調(diào)節(jié)奏，以及更深入的搖滾樂的影響。樂隊(duì)在1975年到1982年間，獲得很大的音樂成就。

During his career, he was in great demand as a soloist and sideman. He performed with bands which spanned from mainstream jazz to mainstream rock. Altogether, he appeared on over 700 albums, either as a band member or a guest soloist. He put his stamp on numerous pop and rock recordings as a soloist. His featured guest solos with WordPress:James Taylor and WordPress:Paul Simon are excellent examples from this body of work. For example, on James Taylor's 1972 album, WordPress:One Man Dog, Brecker's solo on the track "Don't Let Me Be Lonely Tonight" complements the other acoustic instruments and sparse vocal. Also, on Paul Simon's 1975 album WordPress:Still Crazy After All These Years, Brecker's solo on the title track is used to a similar effect. His solos are often placed in the bridge, or appended as a coda. This musical structure and instrumentation typifies (and somewhat defines) this jazz-rock fusion style. Other notable collaborations in this genre include work with WordPress:Steely Dan, WordPress:Lou Reed, WordPress:Donald Fagen, WordPress:Dire Straits, WordPress:Joni Mitchell, WordPress:Eric Clapton, WordPress:Aerosmith, WordPress:Frank Sinatra, WordPress:Frank Zappa, WordPress:Bruce Springsteen, and WordPress:Parliament-Funkadelic.

Brecker also recorded or performed with leading jazz figures during his era, including WordPress:Herbie Hancock, WordPress:Chick Corea, WordPress:Chet Baker, WordPress:George Benson, WordPress:Quincy Jones, WordPress:Charles Mingus, WordPress:Jaco Pastorius, WordPress:McCoy Tyner, WordPress:Pat Metheny, WordPress:Elvin Jones, WordPress:Claus Ogerman, and many others.

在Brecker職業(yè)生涯中，他最大的成就是作為獨(dú)唱者和伴奏者。他從演奏主流的爵士樂，到主流的搖滾樂。他出現(xiàn)在700多個(gè)唱片中，作為樂隊(duì)成員或者獨(dú)半奏人員。他作為一名獨(dú)奏者，參加過眾多的流行音樂和搖滾音樂唱片的制作。他作為客座獨(dú)奏，與James Taylor 和Paul Simon合作，是最好的例子。例如，在James Taylor1972年的唱片，WordPress:One Man Dog,Breckers在這個(gè)唱片上的獨(dú)奏曲"今晚不要讓我孤獨(dú)"，補(bǔ)足了聲樂和其它的稀有音樂元素。此外，在Paul Simon1975年的唱片Still Crazy After All These Years，Brecker在標(biāo)題彈奏的關(guān)于唱片名的獨(dú)奏曲，起著相同的作用。他的獨(dú)奏曲通常起著嫁接的作用，或者作為一種尾聲。音樂結(jié)構(gòu)和樂器代表（或者某些方面決定了）這種爵士搖滾結(jié)合的音樂類型。這種音樂合作類型的其它有名的是與 Steely Dan, Lou Reed, Donald Fagen, Dire Straits, Joni Mitchell, Eric Clapton, Aerosmith, Frank Sinatra, Frank Zappa, Bruce Springsteen, 和 Parliament-Funkadelic的合作。

Brecker有生之年還與爵士樂的領(lǐng)頭人物一起表演過，這些人包括 Chick Corea, Chet Baker, George Benson, Quincy Jones, Charles Mingus, Jaco Pastorius, McCoy Tyner, Pat Metheny, Elvin Jones|, Claus Ogerman,以及許多其他的人。

During the early 1980s, he was also a member of NBC’s WordPress:Saturday Night Live band. Brecker can be seen in the background sporting shades during WordPress:Eddie Murphy’s WordPress:James Brown parody.

After a stint co-leading the all-star group WordPress:Steps Ahead with WordPress:Mike Mainieri, Brecker finally recorded a solo album in 1987. That eponymously titled debut album marked his return to a more traditional jazz setting, highlighting his compositional talents and featuring the EWI (Electronic Wind Instrument), which Brecker had previously played with Steps Ahead. He continued to record albums as a leader throughout the 1990s and 2000s, winning multiple WordPress:Grammy Awards. His solo and group tours consistently sold out top jazz venues in major cities worldwide.

在20世紀(jì)80年代初，Brecker也是NBC的 Saturday Night Live樂隊(duì)的一員。在 Eddie Murphy的 James Brown拙劣模仿中可以在背景sporting shades中看到Brecker。

在與 Mike Mainieri共同領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了全星的組合向前走之后，Brecker終于在1987年發(fā)行了自己的獨(dú)奏曲唱片。在1990年和2000年，他作為主唱，繼續(xù)發(fā)行唱片，并且多次獲得格萊美獎(jiǎng)。在全世界的主要城市，他的個(gè)人和集體巡回演奏的唱片，出售一空。

He went on tour in 2001 with a collaborative group, Hancock - Brecker - Hargrove . This tour was dedicated to jazz pioneers John Coltrane and WordPress:Miles Davis. Brecker paid homage to Coltrane by performing Coltrane's signature piece, WordPress:Naima. This composition is a definitive work for tenor sax; its demanding solo enabled Brecker to show his complete mastery of the instrument. The live concert CD from the tour, Directions in Music, won a Grammy in 2003.

While performing at the WordPress:Mount Fuji Jazz Festival in 2004 , Brecker noticed a sharp pain in his back. Shortly thereafter in 2005, he was diagnosed with the blood disorder WordPress:myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Despite a widely-publicized worldwide search, Brecker was unable to find a matching stem cell donor. In late 2005, he was the recipient of an experimental partial matching stem cell transplant. By late 2006 he appeared to be recovering, but the experiment proved not to be a cure. He made his final public performance on June 23rd 2006, playing with WordPress:Herbie Hancock at WordPress:Carnegie Hall.

On WordPress:January 13, WordPress:2007, Michael Brecker died from complications of WordPress:leukemia in WordPress:New York City. His funeral was held on WordPress:January 15, WordPress:2007 in WordPress:Hastings-on-Hudson, NY.

On WordPress:February 11, WordPress:2007, Michael Brecker was awarded two posthumous WordPress:Grammy awards for his involvement on his brother Randy's 2005 album WordPress:Some Skunk Funk.

2001年，他與一個(gè)小組一起，繼續(xù)巡回演出- Brecker - Hargrove 。巡回演出，為了紀(jì)念爵士樂先驅(qū)John Coltrane和Miles Davis。 Brecker演奏Coltrane的作品，Naima，對(duì)Coltrane表示敬意。這個(gè)作品是男高音薩克斯管的權(quán)威性作品; its demanding solo enabled男高音獨(dú)奏的高超技術(shù)，反映了Brecker掌握薩克斯管的精通技藝。巡回演出的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)音樂CD， Directions in Music, 獲得了2003年的格萊美獎(jiǎng) 。

2004年，在富士山爵士樂音樂節(jié)演奏的時(shí)候，Brecker注意到自己的背部有劇烈的疼痛。不久，在2005年，他被診斷出血液紊亂， myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)。盡管在全世界進(jìn)行了公開查找，仍熱找不到匹配的干細(xì)胞。2005年末，他接受移植了部分匹配的干細(xì)胞。2006年末，他看起來似乎好了，但是試驗(yàn)證明，這次移除并沒有根除病源。在2006年6月23日，他與 Herbie Hancock在 Carnegie Hall進(jìn)行了最后一次表演。

在2007年，1月13日，Michael Brecker在紐約市死于白血病并發(fā)癥。他的葬禮是于2007年，1月15日，在紐約的 Hastings-on-Hudson舉行的。

在2007年，2月11日，已經(jīng)過世的Brecker，被授予兩枚格萊美獎(jiǎng)，因?yàn)樗谑罆r(shí)，參與了他的兄弟Randy在2005年發(fā)行的唱片 Some Skunk Funk。

On WordPress:May 22, WordPress:2007, his final recording, Pilgrimage, was released receiving a good critical response. It was recorded in August 2006 with WordPress:Pat Metheny on guitar, WordPress:John Patitucci on bass, WordPress:Jack DeJohnette on drums and WordPress:Herbie Hancock and WordPress:Brad Mehldau on piano. Brecker was critically ill when it was recorded but the other musicians involved praised the standard of his musicianship.<ref>New York Times "A Jazzman’s Farewell Album, All Heart and Soul" WordPress:June 2, WordPress:2007</ref> Brecker was again posthumously nominated and subsequently awarded two additional Grammy Awards for this album in the categories of WordPress:Best Jazz Instrumental Solo and Best Jazz Instrumental Album, Individual or Group, bringing his Grammy total to 15.

During his career, Brecker played a WordPress:Selmer Mark VI tenor saxophone using a highly-customized Dave Guardala mouthpiece. Previously, he had played a Selmer Super Balanced Action saxophone.

在 2007年, 5月22日，他發(fā)行了最后的唱片， Pilgrimage, 并且得到了很好的反響。這個(gè)唱片是2006年8月錄制的， Pat Metheny 彈奏吉他， John Patitucci 演奏低音樂樂器， Jack DeJohnette 打鼓， Herbie Hancock 和 Brad Mehldau 彈奏鋼琴。Brecker在錄制這個(gè)唱片的時(shí)候，已經(jīng)病的很嚴(yán)重，但是參加這個(gè)唱片錄制的其它音樂人，都高度評(píng)價(jià)了Brecker的音樂才能。<ref>2007年，6月2日</ref> Brecker過世后，得到格萊美獎(jiǎng)的提名，隨和又獲得兩枚格萊美獎(jiǎng)，獲得格萊美獎(jiǎng)的是最好的爵士樂男高音和最好的爵士樂唱片，個(gè)人或者組合中的唱片，這樣他總共15次獲得了格萊美獎(jiǎng)。