編輯“PhpWind:服務(wù)器優(yōu)化”

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'''介紹一下如何優(yōu)化 sysctrl, Apache 以及 MySQL '''

請注意，所有配置均為取決于個人，請根據(jù)自己的實際情況做調(diào)整。

1. 配置Sysctl

編輯此文件：
nano -w /etc/sysctl.conf

如果該文件為空，則輸入以下內(nèi)容，否則請根據(jù)情況自己做調(diào)整：
<pre style="border:1px solid #999999; background:#eeeeee; padding:5px 15px 5px;">
# Controls source route verification
# Default should work for all interfaces
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
# net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
# net.ipv4.conf.lo.rp_filter = 1
# net.ipv4.conf.eth0.rp_filter = 1

# Disables IP source routing
# Default should work for all interfaces
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
# net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
# net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_source_route = 0
# net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_source_route = 0

# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel
kernel.sysrq = 0

# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.
# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

# Increase maximum amount of memory allocated to shm
# Only uncomment if needed!
# kernel.shmmax = 67108864

# Disable ICMP Redirect Acceptance
# Default should work for all interfaces
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0
# net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
# net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_redirects = 0
# net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_redirects = 0

# Enable Log Spoofed Packets, Source Routed Packets, Redirect Packets
# Default should work for all interfaces
net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1
# net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1
# net.ipv4.conf.lo.log_martians = 1
# net.ipv4.conf.eth0.log_martians = 1

# Decrease the time default value for tcp_fin_timeout connection
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 25

# Decrease the time default value for tcp_keepalive_time connection
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200

# Turn on the tcp_window_scaling
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1

# Turn on the tcp_sack
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1

# tcp_fack should be on because of sack
net.ipv4.tcp_fack = 1

# Turn on the tcp_timestamps
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1

# Enable TCP SYN Cookie Protection
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

# Enable ignoring broadcasts request
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1

# Enable bad error message Protection
net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1

# Make more local ports available
# net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

# Set TCP Re-Ordering value in kernel to ‘5′
net.ipv4.tcp_reordering = 5

# Lower syn retry rates
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 3

# Set Max SYN Backlog to ‘2048′
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 2048

# Various Settings
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 1024

# Increase the maximum number of skb-heads to be cached
net.core.hot_list_length = 256

# Increase the tcp-time-wait buckets pool size
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 360000

# This will increase the amount of memory available for socket input/output queues
net.core.rmem_default = 65535
net.core.rmem_max = 8388608
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608
net.core.wmem_default = 65535
net.core.wmem_max = 8388608
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65535 8388608
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 8388608 8388608 8388608
net.core.optmem_max = 40960
</pre>
如果希望屏蔽別人 ping 你的主機，則加入以下代碼：
<pre style="border:1px solid #999999; background:#eeeeee; padding:5px 15px 5px;">
# Disable ping requests
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all = 1
</pre>

編輯完成后，請執(zhí)行以下命令使變動立即生效：
<pre style="border:1px solid #999999; background:#eeeeee; padding:5px 15px 5px;">
/sbin/sysctl -p
/sbin/sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1
</pre>

2. MySQL優(yōu)化

編輯MySQL的配置文件：
nano /etc/my.cnf

輸入以下內(nèi)容：
<pre style="border:1px solid #999999; background:#eeeeee; padding:5px 15px 5px;">
[mysqld]
connect_timeout=15
interactive_timeout=100
join_buffer_size=1M
key_buffer=128M
max_allowed_packet=16M
max_connections=500
max_connect_errors=10
myisam_sort_buffer_size=64M
read_buffer_size=1M
read_rnd_buffer_size=768K
sort_buffer_size=1M
table_cache=1024
thread_cache_size=100
thread_concurrency=4
wait_timeout=300
query_cache_size=32M
query_cache_limit=1M
query_cache_type=1
skip-innodb
</pre>
<p>請注意，以上配置適用于512M~1024M內(nèi)存，如內(nèi)存更大的話請自行做調(diào)整。給項目增加內(nèi)存會加快速度，
但是使用過多的內(nèi)存而導致啟用swap的話，會極大的導致系統(tǒng)效率下降。其中 thread_concurrency
這項配置，單CPU的話請設(shè)置為2，雙CPU的話請設(shè)置為4。</p>

3. Apache優(yōu)化

以下優(yōu)化適用于 Apache 1.3 系列，如果你用的是 2.0 系列的話，請自行做調(diào)整和判斷。

確認 Apache 的配置文件位置并開始編輯：

locate httpd.conf

nano -w /path/to/httpd.conf

httpd.conf的文件有許多內(nèi)容，筆者就拿出需要做優(yōu)化的：
<pre style="border:1px solid #999999; background:#eeeeee; padding:5px 15px 5px;">
KeepAlive On
MaxKeepAliveRequests 1000
KeepAliveTimeout 3
MinSpareServers 8
MaxSpareServers 13
MaxRequestsPerChild 50
</pre>
<p>將 KeepAliveTimeout 設(shè)定到較小的數(shù)字將有助于減少服務(wù)器上的無用等待鏈接，
一定程度上能增加服務(wù)器負載。
另外，下面這條不算優(yōu)化，但是是Apache安全相關(guān)：
ServerSignature Off
ServerTokens ProductOnly</p>
<p>將 ServerSignature 關(guān)閉，并增加 ServerTokens ProductOnly
可以使常人無法檢測到Apache的實際版本號，有助于Apache的安全。</p>
<p>以上所做的這些優(yōu)化在某種程度上會增強服務(wù)器的負載性能。但請注意，
最佳的配置是實踐出來的。</p>